南极野生动物指南
了解那些生活在南极的独特动物。从企鹅到鲸鱼，看看你有机会遇到哪些令人惊叹的野生动物。
帝王企鹅
巨企鹅
在所有的企鹅种类中，皇帝企鹅是最大的，成年皇帝企鹅可以长到4英尺高，体重可达88磅。它们以在南极冬季期间的显著繁殖周期而闻名，在此期间，雄性企鹅在脚上孵化卵长达64天，温度低至-40°C。
阿德利企鹅
阿德利企鹅
南极洲最广泛分布的企鹅种类之一，阿德利企鹅是中等体型、具有独特的白色眼环。它们是优秀的游泳者，为了寻找磷虾和鱼类，可以潜水至175米的深度。
南极企鹅
南极企鹅
因头部下方狭窄的黑色条纹而得名，chinstrap企鹅以其攻击性强和响亮的叫声而闻名。它们主要分布在南极半岛和附近的岛屿上，有些种群数量可达数十万。
南極企鵝
南极企鹅
最快的在水下游泳的企鹅，巴布亚企鹅可以达到每小时36公里的速度。它们很容易被识别，因为它们有鲜亮的橘红色喙和头顶的白色条纹。巴布亚企鹅分布在整个南极半岛和亚南极群岛。
通心粉企鹅
金冠南极企鹅
以頭上獨特的黃色和黑色羽毛為區分，馬卡羅尼企鵝是企鵝種類中數量最多的一種。它們在亞南極島屿和南極半島的大型群落中繁殖，其中一些群落有多達10萬對企鵝。
王企鹅
巨企鹅
第二大企鹅品种的王企鹅，以其头部和颈部醒目的橙色和黄色斑纹而闻名。它们在亚南极岛屿上繁殖，有着独特的14-16个月的繁殖周期，这意味着它们每三年才可以抚养两只雏鸟。
Rockhopper Penguin
Eudyptes chrysocome
Named for their distinctive hopping movement over rocks, Rockhopper Penguins are small but feisty. They have distinctive yellow and black spiky feathers on their heads and red eyes. They breed on sub-Antarctic islands and are known for their aggressive behavior.
座头鲸
巨鲸
它们以壮观的跃出水面行为和复杂的歌声而闻名，座头鲸在夏季迁徙到南极水域以磷虾为食。它们可以长达16米，重达30吨。它们独特的长胸鳍可以达到身体长度的三分之一。
Minke Whale
Balaenoptera acutorostrata
The smallest of the baleen whales commonly seen in Antarctic waters, Minke Whales are curious and often approach boats. They can grow up to 10 meters long and are identified by their pointed snout and distinctive white band on their flippers.
Orca (Killer Whale)
Orcinus orca
The apex predator of Antarctic waters, Orcas are highly intelligent and social animals that hunt in coordinated pods. They feed on fish, seals, and even other whales. Antarctic Orcas have developed specialized hunting techniques, including wave-washing seals off ice floes.
蓝鲸
蓝鲸
地球上已知最大的动物是蓝鲸，蓝鲸的身长可达30米，体重高达200吨。在夏季几个月里，它们几乎只以南极水域的磷虾为食，每天消耗高达4吨磷虾。
座头鲸
小须鲸
第二大鲸鱼物种， 长须鲸的长度可达27米。 由于其流线型的身体和高达37公里/小时的快速游泳速度，它们被称为“海洋的灰狗”。 它们迁移到南极水域以浮游生物和小型鱼类为食。
Sei Whale
Balaenoptera borealis
One of the fastest whale species, Sei Whales can reach speeds of up to 50 km/h over short distances. They are found in Antarctic waters during the summer months, feeding on krill, copepods, and small fish. They can grow up to 20 meters long.
豹海豹
海豹
南极洲第二大种类的海豹，豹海豹是拥有强有力的颌和锋利牙齿的令人生畏的掠食者。他们以企鹅、鱼类以及其他海豹为食。它们可以长到3.5米长，体重可达500公斤。它们独特的斑点外衣使它们由此得名。
Weddell Seal
Leptonychotes weddellii
The most southerly breeding mammal in the world, Weddell Seals can dive to depths of over 600 meters and hold their breath for up to 80 minutes. They maintain breathing holes in the ice using their teeth and are known for their haunting underwater vocalizations.
吃蟹海豹
巨獭海豹
尽管它们的名字， Crabeater Seals几乎只以磷虾为食，而不是螃蟹。 它们是世界上最丰富的海豹物种，估计有15-40百万只。 它们有特殊的牙齿，起到过滤器的作用，可以从水中过滤磷虾。
南方象海豹
南极海豹
世界上最大的海豹物种，雄性南象海豹的体重可达4,000公斤，长度可达6米。它们因其大鼻子而得名，雄性在繁殖季节用它来发出响亮的吼叫声。它们可以潜水到2,000米以上的深度。
南极毛海豹
南极毛海豹
曾经被猎捕至近乎灭绝的南极毛海豹已经实现了显著的恢复。它们主要在亚南极岛屿上繁殖，是优秀的游泳者，以磷虾、鱼和鱿鱼为食。雄性体重可达200公斤，而雌性则小得多，约50公斤。
Wandering Albatross
Diomedea exulans
With the largest wingspan of any living bird (up to 3.5 meters), Wandering Albatrosses are masters of soaring flight. They can travel thousands of kilometers without flapping their wings, using dynamic soaring techniques. They breed on sub-Antarctic islands and can live for over 50 years.
Southern Giant Petrel
Macronectes giganteus
Large seabirds with a wingspan of up to 2 meters, Southern Giant Petrels are opportunistic feeders that scavenge on carrion and prey on smaller seabirds. They have a distinctive tube nose and can be identified by their pale or dark color morphs.
South Polar Skua
Stercorarius maccormicki
Aggressive predators and scavengers, South Polar Skuas are known for stealing food from other birds and preying on penguin eggs and chicks. They breed on the Antarctic continent and migrate to the Northern Hemisphere during the Antarctic winter, making one of the longest migrations of any bird.
南极燕鸥
白领燕鸥
具有独特红色喙和脚的优雅海鸟，南极燕鸥在南极半岛和亚南极岛屿繁殖。 它们是熟练的猎手，潜入水中捕捉小鱼和磷虾。 它们与北极燕鸥密切相关，北极燕鸥是所有动物中迁徙距离最长的。
Snow Petrel
Pagodroma nivea
One of only three bird species that breed exclusively on the Antarctic continent, Snow Petrels are pure white with black eyes and bills. They nest in rocky crevices and feed on fish, krill, and squid. They are often seen far from land, flying over pack ice.
南極巨石秧雞
戴普顿海雀
也被称为 Pintado Petrel，凯普佩特雷尔有独特的黑白格子羽毛。 它们在南极和亚南极水域很常见，经常跟随船只以拾取食物残渣。 它们在岩石峭壁上繁殖，并且是优秀的飞行者，使用动态翱翔技术。